References

 

Antoine, D. J. M. Andre, and A. Morel. Oceanic primary production. 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (coastal zone color scanner) chlorophyll. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 10, 57-70, 1996.

 

Benson B. B., and O. Krauss. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10, 264-277, 1984.

 

Emerson, S. Seasonal oxygen cycles and biological new production in surface waters of the subarctic Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 92:6335-6544, 1987.

 

Garcia, H., and L. Gordon. Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 1307-1312, 1992.

 

Garcia, H. On the large-scale characteristics, fluxes, and variability of the North Atlantic Deep Water and its Deep Western Boundary Current deduced from nutrient and oxygen data. Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State University, 184 pp., 1996.

 

Garcia, H., A. Cruzado, L. Gordon, and J. Escanez. Decadal-scale chemical variability in the subtropical North Atlantic deduced from nutrient and oxygen data. J. Geophys. Res. 103:2817-2830, 1998.

 

Gibson, J. K., P. Kallberg, S. Uppala, A. Hernandez, A. Nomura, and E. Serrano. ECMWF Re-Analysis, Project report Series: 1. ERA description. European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 72 pp., Reading, England, 1997.

 

Hasse, L.  The sea-surface temperature deviation and heat flow at the air-sea interface. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 1:368-379, 1971.

 

Heiman, M. The global atmospheric tracer model TM2. Tech. Rep. 9, pp.1-51. Dtsch. Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany, 1995.

 

Heiman, M. and C. D. Keeling. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds, 2. Model description and simulated tracer experiments, In: Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas, Geophys. Monogr., 55, Edited by D. H. Peterson, AGU, Washington, D. C., pp. 237-275, 1989.

 

Jenkins, W. J., and W. B. Goldman. Seasonal oxygen cycling and primary production in the Sargasso Sea. J. Mar. Res. 43:465-491, 1985.

 

Keeling, R. F., and S. R. Shertz. Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the carbon cycle. Nature, 358, 723-727, 1992.

 

Keeling, R., R. Najjar, M., Bender, and P. Tans. What atmospheric oxygen measurements can tell us about the global carbon cycle. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 37-67, 1993.

 

Keeling F. R., B. B. Stephens, R. G. Najjar, S. C. Doney, D. Archer, and M. Heimann. Seasonal variations in the atmospheric O2/N2 ratio in relation to the kinetics of air-sea exchange. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12:141-163, 1998.

 

Millero, F. S. and A. Poisson. International one-atmosphere equation of state of seawater. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1981-2003, 1981.

 

Najjar, R. and R. Keeling. Analysis of the mean annual cycle of the dissolved oxygen anomaly in the world ocean. J. Mar. Res. 55:117-151, 1997.

 

Oberhuber, J. M. An atlas based on the COADS set: The budgets of heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the surface of the global ocean, Rep. 15, pp. 1-20, Max-Planck-Inst. Für Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, 1988.

 

Reid, J. L. On the total geostrophic circulation of the South Atlantic: Flow patterns, tracers, and transports. Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 149-244, 1989.

 

Reid, J. L. On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic: Flow patterns, tracers, and transports. Prog. Oceanogr., 33, 1-92, 1994.

 

Saunders, P. M. The accuracy of measurements of salinity, oxygen and temperature in the deep ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 189-195, 1986.

 

Schudlich, R. and S. Emerson. Gas supersaturation in the surface ocean: The roles of heat flux, gas exchange, and bubbles. Deep-Sea Res.,43, 569-589, 1996.

 

Shea, D. J., K. E. Trenberth, and R. W. Reynolds, A global monthly sea surface temperature climatology, J. Clim., 5, 987-1001, 1992.

 

Wanninkhof, R. Relation between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 97:7337-7382, 1992.

 

Weiss, R. F., Solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 721-735, 1970.

 

Wright, P. An atlas based on the ‘COADS’ set: Fields of mean wind, cloudiness and humidity at the surface of the global ocean, Rep. 14, 22 pp., Max-Planck-Inst. Für Meteorolo., Hamburg, Germany, 1988.